This op-ed originally appeared on Foreign Policy.

NUBA MOUNTAINS, Sudan - The heat was stifling and the climb was steep, but Adam insisted that he show us the place where his life was forever altered. In was mid-January, and we were deep in the Nuba Mountains, in territory controlled by the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army-North. Only two short weeks before, Adam's family heard the familiar hum of a government Antonov bomber. They had time to scurry to two makeshift bomb shelters before nine bombs were released from the plane's cargo hold. Those who hid in the dugout next to an old tree escaped unscathed. Those who sought sanctuary in a rocky depression in the side of the mountain, however, met a different fate. One of the bombs scored a nearly direct hit; Adam lost his mother, wife, ...

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The conflict in Darfur began 10 years ago.

Just a few months ago, I sat outside a classroom in Goz Amer refugee camp speaking with Umda Tarbosh and Youssif, two Darfuri refugee teachers. We talked about their lives in the camp-how they thought they would be back home in Darfur by now, that they feel left behind by the world, and that their dreams are on hold until there is peace in Darfur.

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Since gaining independence in 1956, Sudan has experienced more years of conflict than peace. These conflicts, fought between the Sudanese government and movements arising within Sudan, are commonly rooted in the exploitative leadership of the Government of Sudan, and the unequal distribution of power and wealth among the Sudanese population. Below is a year-by-year overview of conflict in Darfur.

2003

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Here at Enough, we often swap emails with interesting articles and feature stories that we come across in our favorite publications and on our favorite websites. We wanted to share some of these stories with you as part of our effort to keep you up to date on what you need to know in the world of anti-genocide and crimes against humanity work.

To counter impressions that the International Criminal Court is targeting certain ethnic groups or communities, a local theater group in Kenya is putting on dramas to inform the public about the work of the court--especially important advocacy in the weeks leading up to the slated trial date of several influential Kenyans, reports Robert Wanjala for the Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Betty Murungi, vice-chair of the board of the Kenya Human ...

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As the 16-year-old Congolese actress Rachel Mwanza made her way down the red carpet at last Sunday's Academy Awards, millions of people were exposed to the tragic and resilient stories of Mwanza and her award winning character in "War Witch" ("Rebelle"), Komona.

The Oscar-nominated film "War Witch" is an understated and moving story about a resourceful heroine who is forced to become a child soldier in a war against the government of an unidentified African nation. While Mwanza's brave portrayal of Komona earned her the Best Actress Award at the Tribeca Film Festival and the Berlin International Film Festival, her life story is also one of heroism. After her parents abandoned her when she was young Mwanza became homeless and, with nowhere else to turn, ended up living in the streets of ...

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Editor's Note: Guest blogger Jimmy Mulla reflects on the 10 year anniversary of the conflict in Darfur through the perspective of a friend from just one of the many villages destroyed there by a government-sponsored campaign of violence.

Yesterday, February 27, 2013, may have seemed like an ordinary day. To the people of Tina, a village in Sudan's Western region of Darfur, it's a really sad day, recalled Hawa Abdalla when I spoke to her on the phone yesterday morning. Hawa told me how sad and difficult the day had been for her.

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During a timely event last Friday at the United States Institute of Peace, or USIP, representatives from Enough Project and Amnesty International's Adotei Akwei tackled the complicated problem of advancing a lasting peace process in Congo. In light of the expected signing of a new framework agreement, which took place on Sunday, the panelists agreed that there was reason for "cautious optimism." However, a looming question was how or why this agreement would be different from past failed agreements in Congo. To follow up on this point, moderator Raymond Gilpin of USIP referred to a Reuters report in which the latest Congo peace agreement was described by the M23 Movement as "being similar to 'arranging a wedding ceremony without the bride.'" Gilpin went on to highlight the fractious ...

While Enough Project Co-founder John Prendergast admitted to similar doubts and concerns, he conversely brought to light four opportunities that he believes have increased the ripeness for peace in Congo ...

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Leaders and envoys of 11 African nations signed the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Great Lakes in Addis Ababa last weekend, making a series of commitments: the Congolese government pledged to continue security sector reform and increase the decentralization of economic development and social service delivery; countries in the region pledged not to interfere in Congo, support armed groups, or purposefully destabilize its neighbors; and the international community promised to support long-term stability in the region, appoint a United Nations Special Envoy, and strategically review the mandate of the U.N. Organization Stabilization Mission in Congo, or MONUSCO.

The framework agreement created both a regional and national oversight ...

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Eastern Congo's Kivu provinces are making slow but steady progress to establish certified minerals trading routes. A total of 20 mining sites qualified and validated as "green" (conflict-free) in North and South Kivu by a multi-stakeholder body made up of the Congolese government, minerals dealers, and local NGOs. Parts of South Kivu have fortunately been spared from the M23 conflict epidemic that has, in addition to its dire humanitarian consequences, inflicted a blackout on legal minerals flows. Neighboring North Kivu province, where the rebellion has settled itself since May 2012, has borne the brunt of that economic blow.

In South Kivu, where the mutiny was quickly quelled by the Congolese army, the electronics company Philips, Motorola Solutions, the Congolese government, and the Dutch ...

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This op-ed originally appeared on CNN Opinion.

Early one eastern Congolese morning six months ago, Josephine was sleeping in her hut, dreaming about selling her crops. She heard people singing victory songs, thinking it was part of her dream, but gunshots jolted her awake. She could see in the light of dawn that the next village was on fire. She saw people fleeing toward her village, some being shot as they ran.

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